Group+4

Members: //Quinten Sackett// //Robert Drumm// //Ben Bishop// //Zach Petersen// //David Petersen//



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__FORMULAS:__ .....................................Reactants ....................Products PHOTOSYNTHESIS: 6CO2 + 6H2O + Light -> C6H12O6 + 6O2

Cellular respiration: C6H12O6 +O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + chemical energy (ATP)

ATP --> ADP+P(phosphate)+energy

__SECTION 1:__ -Organisms use and store energy in the chemical bonds of organic compounds. Almost all of the energy in organic compounds comes from the sun.

Heterotrophs get there food by  · Eating autotrophs · Absorb molecules made by autotrophs · Eat other animals that eat autotrophs Photosynthesis · Carbon dioxide is converted into glucose · Occurs in chloroplast Cellular Resperation · Occurs in mitochondria · Is the breakdown of glucose · Inputs of a glucose molecule and 6 carbon molecules · Outputs of 6 carbon dioxide molecules and 6 water molecules and energy used to make ATP ATP · An unstable chain of 3 phosphate groups · Is made and used throughout the cell · NAD+ When glucose is broken down NAD+ accepts electrons and hydrogen ions, which change it to NADH+

__SECTION 2:__

· A chloroplast has an outer membrane and an inner membrane. · The space inside the inner membrane is the stroma. The thylakiod membrain is folded to make flat, disc-like sacs called thylakoids. The first stage of photosynthesis begins when light waves hit these stacks. · Light is a form of electromagnetic radiation. · A pigment is a substance that absorbs certain wavelengths (colors) of light and commonly reflects all of the others. · In plants, light energy is harvested by pigments that are located in the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts. · 3 pigments are in chloroplasts. · Chlorophyll is a green pigment in chloroplasts that absorbs light energy to start photosynthesis. It absorbs mostly blue and red light and reflects green and yellow light. · Carotenoids absorb blue and green light, and they reflect yellow, orange, and red light. · Xanthophyll reflects only yellow. · Steps of photosynthesis: 1. Water splitting - During photosynthesis, an enzyme splits water molecules inside the thylakoid, hydrogen is taken oxygen is released 2. Hydrogen ion pump - A protein acts as a membrane pump. Excited electrons transfer some of their energy to pump H+ ions into the thylakoid. This process creates a concentration gradient across the thylakoid membrane. 3. ATP synthesis - The energy from the diffusion of H+ ions through the carrier protein is used to make ATP. ATP synthase catalyzes a reaction in which a phosphate group is added to a molecule of ADP. The result of the reaction is ATP. 4. Reenergizing - light excites electrons in the chlorophyll molecule. The excited electrons are passed on to the second chain. The de-energized electrons from the first transport chain replace them. 5. Making NADPH - Excited electrons combine with H+ ions and an electron acceptor called NADP+ to form NADPH. · Calvin cycle: 1. Carbon fixation - an enzyme adds a molecule of carbon dioxide, CO2, to a five-carbon compound. This process occurs three times to make three six-carbon molecules. 2. Transferring energy - Each six-carbon compound splits into two three-carbon compounds. Phosphate groups are added. 3. Making sugar - One of the three-carbon sugars leaves the cycle and is used to make organic compounds—including glucose, sucrose, and starch. 4. Recycling - enzymes reform three molecules of the initial five-carbon compound. This process completes the cycle. · Light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration, and temperature are three environmental factors that affect photosynthesis.

__ Section 3 __ Fermentation enables glycolysis to continue supplying a cell with ATP in anaerobic conditions kreb's Cycle produces 3 CO2, ATP, NADH, FADH. Electron Transport chain produces 6 H2O and ATP.

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=Synthesis=



Evaluation:
Deforestation of the world forest can lead to global warming. This idea is supported by photosynthesis in that during the process of photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide and changes it into oxygen. Forest play a large part in replenishing the worlds supply of oxygen. If their are less trees to photosyntheses there will be a dramatic increase in CO2 in the are causing a greenhouse effect in the worlds atmosphere. __COMPREHENSION__ ..............EQUATIONS..............LIGHT DEPENDENT REACTION............CALVIN CYCLE media type="file" key="Movie on 2011-04-29 at 15.05.mov" width="180" height="180"media type="file" key="Movie on 2011-05-02 at 14.46.mov" width="189" height="189"media type="file" key="Movie on 2011-05-02 at 14.35.mov" width="189" height="189" For Section one video: [|CLICK HERE]

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